Fully Biodegradable Packaging Films for Fresh Food Storage Based on Oil-Infused Bacterial Cellulose.

Fully biodegradable packaging materials are demanded to resolve the issue of plastic pollution. However, the fresh food storage performance of biodegradable materials is generally much lower than that of plastics due to their high permeability, microbial friendliness, and limited stretchability and transparency. Here a biodegradable packaging material is reported with high fresh food storage performance based on an oil-infused bacterial cellulose (OBC) porous film. The oil infusion significantly improved cellulose's food-keeping performance by reducing its gas permeability, increasing its stretchability and transparency, and enabling the active release of green vapor-phase preservative molecules, while maintaining its intrinsically high degradability. Strawberries stored in a container with the OBC lid at 23 °C after 5 days exhibited a moldy rate of 0%, in contrast to the 100% moldy rate of those stored by poly(ethylene). Enhanced storage performance is also obtained on tomatoes, pork, and shrimp. The OBC film is naturally degraded after being buried in wet soil at 30 °C for 9 days, identical to the degradation rate of bacterial cellulose. The liquid seal strategy broadly applies to different celluloses, providing a general option for developing cellulose-based biodegradable packaging materials.

Optical coherence tomography biomarkers as outcome predictors to guide dexamethasone implant use in patients with iERM: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the anatomical features of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and vitreous cytokine levels as predictors of outcomes of combined phacovitrectomy with intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implants for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) treatment. METHODS: A prospective, single-masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial included 48 eyes. They were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to undergo the DEX group (combined phacovitrectomy with ERM peeling and Ozurdex implantation) and control group (phacovitrectomy only). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were assessed at 1 d, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. The structural features of OCT before surgery were analysed for stratified analysis. Baseline soluble CD14 (sCD14) and sCD163 levels in the vitreous fluid were measured using ELISA. RESULTS: BCVA and CMT were not significantly different in the DEX and control groups. Eyes with hyperreflective foci (HRF) at baseline achieved better BCVA (Ptime*group=0.746; Pgroup=0.043, Wald χ²=7.869) and lower CMT (Ptime*group = 0.079; Pgroup = 0.001, Wald χ²=6.774) responses to DEX during follow-up. In all patients, the mean vitreous level of sCD163 in eyes with HRF was significantly higher than that in eyes without HRF (P = 0.036, Z=-2.093) at baseline. In the DEX group, higher sCD163 predicted greater reduction in CMT from baseline to 1 month (r = 0.470, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: We found that intraoperative DEX implantation did not have beneficial effects on BCVA and CMT over a 3-month period in all patients with iERM, implying that the use of DEX for all iERM is not recommended. In contrast, for those with HRF on OCT responded better to DEX implants at the 3-month follow-up and thier vitreous fluid expressed higher levels of sCD163 at baseline. These data support the hypothesis that DEX implants may be particularly effective in treating cases where ERM is secondary to inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trail has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trail Registry( https://www.chictr.org.cn ) on 2021/03/12 (ChiCTR2100044228). And all patients in the article were enrolled after registration.

A gut microbial signature for combination immune checkpoint blockade across cancer types.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4) can induce remarkable, yet unpredictable, responses across a variety of cancers. Studies suggest that there is a relationship between a cancer patient's gut microbiota composition and clinical response to ICB; however, defining microbiome-based biomarkers that generalize across cohorts has been challenging. This may relate to previous efforts quantifying microbiota to species (or higher taxonomic rank) abundances, whereas microbial functions are often strain specific. Here, we performed deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing of baseline fecal samples from a unique, richly annotated phase 2 trial cohort of patients with diverse rare cancers treated with combination ICB (n = 106 discovery cohort). We demonstrate that strain-resolved microbial abundances improve machine learning predictions of ICB response and 12-month progression-free survival relative to models built using species-rank quantifications or comprehensive pretreatment clinical factors. Through a meta-analysis of gut metagenomes from a further six comparable studies (n = 364 validation cohort), we found cross-cancer (and cross-country) validity of strain-response signatures, but only when the training and test cohorts used concordant ICB regimens (anti-PD-1 monotherapy or combination anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4). This suggests that future development of gut microbiome diagnostics or therapeutics should be tailored according to ICB treatment regimen rather than according to cancer type.

The Anatomic and Functional Outcomes of Ozurdex-Aided Vitrectomy in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the 3-months outcomes of patients who underwent intraoperative intravitreal injection of Ozurdex for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods: This is a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial (ChiCTR2100043399). Seventy-one patients with PDR who had indications for surgery without intravitreal injection history within 3 months preoperatively were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into three groups based on the medicine injected intraoperatively: Ozurdex, Conbercept, and Control group. The primary outcome is the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) within 3 months postoperatively. The secondary outcomes include the intraocular pressure (IOP), mean sensitivity, central retinal thickness and vessels perfusion. Results: The BCVA and the mean sensitivity improved in the three groups (F = 130.8, P < 0.0001; F = 34.18, P < 0.0001), but there was no statistical difference among the three groups (F = 0.858, P = 0.552; F = 0.964, P = 0.452). The IOP was no significant differences among the three groups within 3 months postoperatively (F = 0.881, P = 0.533). Compared with the other two groups, central retinal thickness (CRT) and outer retinal layer (ORL) thickness decreased significantly in patients of the Ozurdex group (F = 3.037, P = 0.008; F = 2.626, P = 0.018), especially in the diabetic macular edema (DME) patients (F = 2.761, P = 0.0164; F = 2.572, P = 0.0240). In macular region, superficial vascular plexus (SVP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) perfusion were not shown statistical difference at 3 months postoperatively in the all three groups compared with 1 day postoperatively (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with the other two groups, anatomical outcomes was improved significantly in Ozurdex group for DR patients. Ozurdex may help to improve the visual acuity and visual sensitivity, and there is no significant difference in the change of IOP and microvascular improvement. Clinical Trial Registration: This trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn, registration number ChiCTR2100043399).

Mechanically stimulated osteocytes maintain tumor dormancy in bone metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by releasing small extracellular vesicles.

Although preclinical and clinical studies have shown that exercise can inhibit bone metastasis progression, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we found that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells adjacent to bone tissue had a much lower proliferative capacity than the surrounding tumor cells in patients and mice. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that osteocytes, sensing mechanical stimulation generated by exercise, inhibit NSCLC cell proliferation and sustain the dormancy thereof by releasing small extracellular vesicles with tumor suppressor micro-RNAs, such as miR-99b-3p. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of mechanical loading and treadmill exercise on the bone metastasis progression of NSCLC in mice. As expected, mechanical loading of the tibia inhibited the bone metastasis progression of NSCLC. Notably, bone metastasis progression of NSCLC was inhibited by moderate exercise, and combinations with zoledronic acid had additive effects. Moreover, exercise preconditioning effectively suppressed bone metastasis progression. This study significantly advances the understanding of the mechanism underlying exercise-afforded protection against bone metastasis progression.

Controlled-release hydrogel loaded with magnesium-based nanoflowers synergize immunomodulation and cartilage regeneration in tendon-bone healing.

Tendon-bone interface injuries pose a significant challenge in tissue regeneration, necessitating innovative approaches. Hydrogels with integrated supportive features and controlled release of therapeutic agents have emerged as promising candidates for the treatment of such injuries. In this study, we aimed to develop a temperature-sensitive composite hydrogel capable of providing sustained release of magnesium ions (Mg2+). We synthesized magnesium-Procyanidin coordinated metal polyphenol nanoparticles (Mg-PC) through a self-assembly process and integrated them into a two-component hydrogel. The hydrogel was composed of dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid (Dop-HA) and F127. To ensure controlled release and mitigate the "burst release" effect of Mg2+, we covalently crosslinked the Mg-PC nanoparticles through coordination bonds with the catechol moiety within the hydrogel. This crosslinking strategy extended the release window of Mg2+ concentrations for up to 56 days. The resulting hydrogel (Mg-PC@Dop-HA/F127) exhibited favorable properties, including injectability, thermosensitivity and shape adaptability, making it suitable for injection and adaptation to irregularly shaped supraspinatus implantation sites. Furthermore, the hydrogel sustained the release of Mg2+ and Procyanidins, which attracted mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells, alleviated inflammation, and promoted macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype. Additionally, it enhanced collagen synthesis and mineralization, facilitating the repair of the tendon-bone interface. By incorporating multilevel metal phenolic networks (MPN) to control ion release, these hybridized hydrogels can be customized for various biomedical applications.

MIR222HG/LIN28B/ATG5 Axis Drives M2 Macrophage Polarization and Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to investigate the potential of MIR222HG in HCC. HCC cells were co-cultured with U937 cells. Gene expression was determined using reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR and western blot. Functional analysis was performed using Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8), colony formation, and flow cytometry assays. We found that MIR222HG was overexpressed in HCC patients as well as HepG2 and Huh7 cells. MIR222HG-mediated upregulation of autophagy related 5 (ATG5) promoted tumor cell autophagy and the activation of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAM2). Moreover, MIR222HG-mediated the activation of TAM2 drove the proliferation of HCC cells. Additionally, MIR222HG increased the mRNA expression as well as promoted the mRNA stability of ATG5 via binding to lin-28 homolog B (LIN28B). In conclusion, MIR222HG-mediated autophagy and the activation of TAM2 promote the aggressiveness of HCC cells via regulating LIN28B/ATG5 signaling.

[Clinical Analysis of Philadelphia Chromosome-Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics, molecular characteristics, treatment and prognosis of pediatric Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) with a therapeutic target. METHODS: A total of 27 patients of Ph-like ALL with targeted drug target were initially diagnosed in Children's Hospital of Soochow University from December 2017 to June 2021. The data of age, gender, white blood cell (WBC) count at initial diagnosis, genetic characteristics, molecular biological changes, chemotherapy regimen, different targeted drugs were given, and minimal residual disease (MRD) on day 19, MRD on day 46, whether hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were retrospective analyed, and the clinical characteristics and treatment effect were summarized. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The intensity of chemotherapy was adjusted according to the MRD level during induced remission therapy in 27 patients, 10 patients were treated with targeted drugs during treatment, and 3 patients were bridged with HSCT, 1 patient died and 2 patients survived. Among the 24 patients who did not receive HSCT, 1 patient developed relapse, and achieved complete remission (CR) after treatment with chimeric antigen receptors T cells (CAR-T). The 3-year overall survival, 3-year relapse-free survival and 3-year event-free survival rate of 27 patients were (95.5±4.4)%, (95.0±4.9)% and (90.7±6.3)% respectively. CONCLUSION: Risk stratification chemotherapy based on MRD monitoring can improve the prognosis of Ph-like ALL in children, combined with targeted drugs can achieve complete remission as soon as possible in children whose chemotherapy response is poor, and sequential CAR-T and HSCT can significantly improve the therapeutic effect of Ph-like ALL in children whose MRD is continuously positive during induced remission therapy.

Improvement of Prediction Performance for Radiation Pneumonitis by Using 3-Dimensional Dosiomic Features.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with early non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a relatively long survival time after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Predicting radiation-induced pneumonia (RP) has important clinical and social implications for improving the quality of life of such patients. This study developed an RP prediction model by using 3-dimensional (3D) dosiomic features. The model can be used to guide radiation therapy to reduce toxicity. METHODS: Radiomic features were extracted from pre-treatment CT, dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters and dosiomic features were extracted from the 3D dose distribution of 140 lung cancer patients. Four predictive models: (1) CT; (2) CT + DVH; (3) CT + Rtdose; and (4) Hybrid, CT + DVH + Rtdose, were trained to predict symptomatic RP by extremely randomized trees. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve were evaluated. RESULT: Results showed that the fraction regimen was correlated with symptomatic RP (P < .001). The proposed model achieved promising prediction results. The performance metrics for CT, CT + DVH, CT + Rtdose, and Hybrid were as follows: accuracy: 0.786, 0.821, 0.821, and 0.857; sensitivity: 0.625, 1, 0.875, and 1; specificity: 0.8, 0.565, 0.5, and 0.875; and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve: 0.791, 0.809, 0.907, and 0.920, respectively. CONCLUSION: Dosiomic features can improve the performance of the predictive model for symptomatic RP compared with that obtained with the CT + DVH model. The model proposed in this study can help radiation oncologists individually predict the incidence rate of RP.

Emulsifiable oil-formulated Beauveria bassiana competes with imidacloprid for seasonal control of cereal aphids in Zhejiang, China.

BACKGROUND: Alternatives to neonicotinoids against cereal aphids are needed to mitigate aphid resistance and non-target effects. The emulsifiable oil formulations of two Beauveria bassiana strains, namely Bb registered as a mycoinsecticide and TBb overexpressing an endogenous virulence factor, were tested for seasonal control of cereal aphids at the elongating (April 7) to milk ripening (May 12) stages of winter wheat crop in Yuhang, Zhejiang. Each of three field trials consisted of blank control and the treatments (three randomized 100-m2 plots per capita) of each fungal strain sprayed biweekly at rates of 1.0 × 1013 and 1.5 × 1013 conidia ha-1 and 10% imidacloprid WP sprayed biweekly at a label rate. RESULTS: Tiller infestation percentage and aphid density in the 5-week field trials after the first spray were reduced to 18.7-22.4% and 9.1-12.4 aphids per tiller in the fungal treatments, and 12.8-25.3% and 2.8-20.9 aphids per tiller in the chemical treatment, contrasting with 49.2-60.3% and 37.1-108.5 aphids per tiller in the control. Percent control efficacies (±SD) computed with weekly aphid densities over the period averaged 84.0 ± 1.6 and 85.3 ± 1.8 versus 78.0 ± 4.0 and 79.9 ± 3.2 in the high-rate versus low-rate treatments of Bb and TBb, respectively, and 84.5 ± 7.8 in the chemical treatment. Imidacloprid showed faster kill action but more variable efficacy than the fungal treatments throughout the trials. CONCLUSION: Either Bb or TBb formulation competes with imidacloprid in reducing percent infestation and aphid density. The overall efficacy was significantly higher in the treatments of TBb than of Bb. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Dosimetry and treatment efficiency of SBRT using TaiChiB radiotherapy system for two-lung lesions with one overlapping organs at risk.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the dosimetry and treatment efficiency of TaiChiB-based Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) plans applying to treat two-lung lesions with one overlapping organs at risk. Methods: For four retrospective patients diagnosed with two-lung lesions each patient, four treatment plans were designed including Plan Edge, TaiChiB linac-based, RGS-based, and a linac-RGS hybrid (Plan TCLinac, Plan TCRGS, and Plan TCHybrid). Dosimetric metrics and beam-on time were employed to evaluate and compare the TaiChiB-based plans against Plan Edge. Results: For Conformity Index (CI), Plan TCRGS outperformed all other plans with an average CI of 1.06, as opposed to Plan Edge's 1.33. Similarly, for R50 %, Plan TCRGS was superior with an average R50 % of 3.79, better than Plan Edge's 4.28. In terms of D2 cm, Plan TCRGS also led with an average of 48.48%, compared to Plan Edge's 56.25%. For organ at risk (OAR) sparing, Plan TCRGS often displayed the lowest dosimetric values, notably for the spinal cord (Dmax 5.92 Gy) and lungs (D1500cc 1.00 Gy, D1000cc 2.61 Gy, V10 Gy 15.14%). However, its high Dmax values for the heart and great vessels sometimes exceeded safety thresholds. Plan TCHybrid presented a balanced approach, showing doses comparable to or better than Plan Edge without crossing safety limits. In terms of beam-on time, Plan TCLinac emerged as the most efficient treatment option in three out of four cases, followed closely by Plan Edge in one case. Plan TCRGS, despite its dosimetric advantages, was the least efficient, recording notably longer beam-on times, with a peak at 33.28 minutes in Case 2. Conclusion: For patients with two-lung lesions treated by SBRT whose one lesion overlaps with OARs, the Plan TCHybrid delivered by TaiChiB digital radiotherapy system can be recommended as a clinical option.

Smoking Exposure and the Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Results from NHANES 2011-2012.

The association between smoking exposure and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has been investigated in a few studies; however, further investigation is needed. In this study, the 2011-2012 NHANES population was used to evaluate smoking exposure and LTBI risk. A total of 7042 participants with available LTBI results and without active tuberculosis were included for analysis. Smoking was defined as participants who smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their life. Both univariable and multivariable analysis were adopted to evaluate smoking exposure, as well as related factors on the risk of LTBI. LTBI rates among current smokers (12.1%) and former smokers (9.9%) were higher than non-smokers (5.9%). However, current smokers and former smokers were not significantly associated with LTBI risk when compared to non-smokers after adjusting by age and sex in the multivariable analysis. Meanwhile, we found that passive smoking was not associated with LTBI (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 0.85; 95%CI, 0.66-1.09). In multivariable analysis, current smoking was associated with LTBI (OR, 1.67; 95%CI, 1.28-2.19), while former smokers had an increased OR of LTBI, but the OR did not reach statistical significance (OR, 1.15; 95%CI, 0.90-1.48). Household tuberculosis (TB) contact was also related to LTBI (OR, 1.93; 95%CI, 1.25-2.99). However, BMI and diabetes were not found to be associated with LTBI. Smoking, especially current smoking, was significantly associated with LTBI. LTBI screening should be recommended for active smokers. Former smoking and passive smoking exposure were not found to have a significant relationship with LTBI risk. However, the high LTBI rate among quitters indicated we should pay more attention to former smokers with LTBI.

Perioperative toripalimab and chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric or gastro-esophageal junction cancer: a randomized phase 2 trial.

Perioperative chemotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced gastric or gastro-esophageal junction cancer, and the addition of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor is under investigation. In this randomized, open-label, phase 2 study (NEOSUMMIT-01), patients with resectable gastric or gastro-esophageal junction cancer clinically staged as cT3-4aN + M0 were randomized (1:1) to receive either three preoperative and five postoperative 3-week cycles of SOX/XELOX (chemotherapy group, n = 54) or PD-1 inhibitor toripalimab plus SOX/XELOX, followed by toripalimab monotherapy for up to 6 months (toripalimab plus chemotherapy group, n = 54). The primary endpoint was pathological complete response or near-complete response rate (tumor regression grade (TRG) 0/1). The results showed that patients in the toripalimab plus chemotherapy group achieved a higher proportion of TRG 0/1 than those in the chemotherapy group (44.4% (24 of 54, 95% confidence interval (CI): 30.9%-58.6%) versus 20.4% (11 of 54, 95% CI: 10.6%-33.5%)), and the risk difference of TRG 0/1 between toripalimab plus chemotherapy group and chemotherapy group was 22.7% (95% CI: 5.8%-39.6%; P = 0.009), meeting a prespecified endpoint. In addition, a higher pathological complete response rate (ypT0N0) was observed in the toripalimab plus chemotherapy group (22.2% (12 of 54, 95% CI: 12.0%-35.6%) versus 7.4% (4 of 54, 95% CI: 2.1%-17.9%); P = 0.030), and surgical morbidity (11.8% in the toripalimab plus chemotherapy group versus 13.5% in the chemotherapy group) and mortality (1.9% versus 0%), and treatment-related grade 3-4 adverse events (35.2% versus 29.6%) were comparable between the treatment groups. In conclusion, the addition of toripalimab to chemotherapy significantly increased the proportion of patients achieving TRG 0/1 compared to chemotherapy alone and showed a manageable safety profile. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04250948 .

Dosiomics and radiomics improve the prediction of post-radiotherapy neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE: To develop and validate a dosiomics and radiomics model based on three-dimensional (3D) dose distribution map and computed tomography (CT) images for the prediction of the post-radiotherapy (post-RT) neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). METHODS: This work retrospectively collected 242 locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) patients who were treated with definitive radiotherapy from 2012 to 2016. The NLR collected one month after the completion of RT was defined as the primary outcome. Clinical characteristics and two-dimensional dosimetric factors calculated from the dose-volume histogram (DVH) were included. A total of 4165 dosiomics and radiomics features were extracted from the 3D dose maps and CT images within five different anatomical regions of interest (ROIs), respectively. Then, a three-step feature selection method was proposed to progressively filter features from coarse to fine: (i) model-based ranking according to individual feature's performance, (ii) maximum relevance and minimum redundancy (mRMR), (iii) select from model based on feature importance calculated with an ensemble of several decision trees. The selected feature subsets were utilized to develop the prediction model with GBDT. All patients were divided into a development set and an independent testing set (2:1). Five-fold cross-validation was applied to the development set for both feature selection and model training procedure. Finally, a fusion model combining dosiomics, radiomics and clinical features was constructed to further improve the prediction results. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to evaluate the model performance. RESULTS: The clinical-based and DVH-based models showed limited predictive power with AUCs of 0.632 (95% CI: 0.490-0.773) and 0.634 (95% CI: 0.497-0.771), respectively, in the independent testing set. The 9 feature-based dosiomics and 3 feature-based radiomics models showed improved AUCs of 0.738 (95% CI: 0.628-0.849) and 0.689 (95% CI: 0.566-0.813), respectively. The dosiomics & radiomics & clinical fusion model further improved the model's generalization ability with an AUC of 0.765 (95% CI: 0.656-0.874). CONCLUSIONS: Dosiomics and radiomics can benefit the prediction of post-RT NLR of LA-NSCLC patients. This can provide a reference for evaluating radiotherapy-related inflammation.

Integrated network pharmacology and metabolomics reveal the action mechanisms of vincristine combined with celastrol against colon cancer.

Colon cancer is associated with a high mortality rate. Vincristine (VCR) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug. Celastrol (CEL) is an effective component which exerts inhibitory effects on colon cancer. Combination treatment improves resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and enhances their efficacy. Therefore, we aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of VCR combined with CEL in colon cancer treatment. We verified the effects of VCR combined with CEL on the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of HCT-8 cells. Non-targeted metabolomic techniques were used to analyse the changes in cellular metabolites after administration. Finally, network pharmacology technology was used to screen the potential targets and pathways. VCR combined with CEL had synergistic inhibitory effects on HCT-8 colon cancer cells. Cell metabolomics identified 12 metabolites enriched in metabolic pathways, such as the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways. Network pharmacology revealed that MAPK1, AKT1, PIK3CB, EGFR, and VEGFA were the key targets. Western blotting revealed that VCR combined with CEL activated the P53 pathway by suppressing the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway activation and Bcl-2 expression, promoting the Bax expression. Therefore, VCR combined with CEL potentially treats colon cancer by increasing the apoptosis, improving energy metabolism, and inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway in colon cancer cells.

Effects of a fortified balanced salt solution and Ringer's lactate solution on anterior chamber inflammation after phacoemulsification in diabetes.

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of a fortified balanced salt solution (fSS) and Ringer's lactate solution (Ringer) on anterior chamber (AC) inflammation in patients undergoing phacoemulsification. SETTING: Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China. DESIGN: Prospective masked controlled trial. METHODS: 80 patients (40 patients with regular cataract and 40 cataract patients with diabetes mellitus [DM]) were randomized to receive either fSS (n = 40) or Ringer's solution (n = 40). Anterior-segment optical coherence tomography was used to evaluate AC cells and flare. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) immunofluorescence were used for tight junction examination. Monocytic leukemia cell line (Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 [THP-1]) transmigration assay was performed to observe the effects of the 2 perfusates on the inflammatory response in vitro. RESULTS: In patients with regular cataracts, postoperative AC cells and flare on the 1st and 7th days were not significantly different between the Ringer and fSS groups. However, in cataract patients with DM, AC cells were higher in the Ringer group than in the fSS group ( P = .003) on postoperative day 1. The AC flare was also significantly higher in the Ringer group than in the fSS group ( P < .0001). No significant differences between the groups were observed on day 7. Compared with Ringer, fSS increased the TEER value and ZO-1 content and reduced the adhesion of THP-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicated that early postoperative AC inflammation is more severe in patients with cataracts and DM. In addition, fSS attenuates inflammation by protecting the blood-aqueous barrier and inhibiting the exudation of inflammatory cells.

Influences of Fast Track Surgery Concept-based High-quality Medical Service on Postoperative Symptom Improvement and Safety among Patients with Lung Cancer.

Objective: To investigate the impacts of the fast track surgery (FTS) concept on postoperative symptom improvement and complication incidence among lung cancer patients. Methods: 100 patients diagnosed with lung cancer after the detection of pulmonary nodules in the hospital (January 2020 to December 2021) were included as research subjects. 50 patients in the control group received routine nursing, while 50 patients in the experimental group underwent FTS nursing based on routine nursing. Preoperative and postoperative stress reactions, operation-related information, degree of pain, nursing satisfaction, and complications among included patients were summarized. Results: According to the results, the heart rate in the experimental group 72 hours after the operation was superior to that in the control group (P < .05). Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group. The differences demonstrated statistical significance (P < .05). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the experimental group 12 hours after the operation was lower than that in the control group (P < .05). The length of hospital stays and chest drainage tube indwelling duration in the experimental group were shorter than those in the control group (P < .05). The degree of pain experienced by patients in the experimental group apparently reduced 3 days after operation (P < .05). The total incidence of complications in the experimental group was lower than that recorded for patients in the control group (P < .05). Nursing satisfaction in the experimental group was superior to that in the control group and the difference revealed statistical significance (P < .05). Conclusions: The study verified the safety and efficacy of FTS concept-based operation on patients with lung cancer.

Simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of ß-lactoglobulin treated by ultrasound: Detection of peptides profile and the antioxidant activity.

The influence of ultrasonic pretreatment on the release and antioxidant activity of potential antioxidant peptides after in-vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of ß-lactoglobulin (BLG) were measured by HPLC-MS/MS, chemical and cellular-based assays. The gastrointestinal digest was fractionated into four fractions by Sephadex G-25 gel filtration column, and fractions showed a considerable ABTS·+ scavenging ability. The fraction with the strongest antioxidant activity was produced by ultrasonicated BLG after gastrointestinal digestion, which relies on ultrasonic-promoted proteolysis to produce many small-molecule antioxidant peptides. The best active fraction has better cellular antioxidant activity and protection of H2O2-induced oxidative HepG2 cell model, which significantly increases the activities of antioxidant enzyme, and is concentration-dependent. HPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that there were more potential antioxidant peptides in the best active fraction. This research will provide a basis for the further application of ultrasonic in dairy products, which can promote the release of more potential antioxidant peptides-derived from gastrointestinal digestion.

Risk prediction and treatment assessment in glioma patients using SEER database: a prospective observational study.

OBJECTIVES: To use a nomogram to predict the risk of mortality and estimate the impact of current treatment on the prognosis of glioma patients. METHODS: A total of 3798 cases were obtained from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database according to the selection criteria. A nomogram was built on the independent clinical factors screened by the variance inflation factor, univariate analyses and a multivariate Cox regression model. Then, categorising the overall population into high-risk, medium-risk and low-risk groups using nomogram-derived risk scores, to study the impact of treatment on different subgroups' survival outcomes. Furthermore, based on the postmatch cohorts, the influences of treatment on survival outcomes were assessed by the log-rank test. RESULT: Age, race, stage of disease, histological type, histological grade, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were identified as the independent prognostic factors. A nomogram with good discrimination and consistency was built. Generally, the patients who underwent surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were more likely to achieve better prognosis than those who did not, except for those who received radiotherapy in the low-risk cohort and those who underwent surgery in the high-risk cohort. Furthermore, the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) wild-type patients with surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy tended to have higher survival probabilities, while some inconsistent results were observed in the IDH mutant-type cohort. CONCLUSION: Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy improved the prognosis, while appropriate selection of topical treatment for the low-risk or high-risk patients deserves further consideration. IDH status gene might be a reliable indicator of therapeutic effectiveness.